Lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium iron batteries are two common types in the field of new energy vehicle batteries. They use different material solutions in terms of fire and thermal insulation safety protection. Their differences are explored in detail below.
Thermal runaway risk:
Ternary lithium iron battery: Due to the chemical composition of the ternary lithium iron battery and its high energy density, when the battery is under abnormal conditions (such as overcharge, overdischarge or high temperature), it may cause thermal runaway, leading to fire risks Increase.
Lithium iron phosphate battery: Lithium iron phosphate battery is relatively safe, has good tolerance to high temperatures and battery overcharge and overdischarge, and is not prone to thermal runaway. Therefore, in terms of fire protection and heat insulation, the demand for lithium iron phosphate batteries is relatively low.
Insulation materials:
Ternary lithium iron battery: Because ternary lithium iron batteries may generate higher temperatures in the event of thermal runaway, higher levels of thermal insulation materials are usually required during the design and manufacturing process to protect the battery and reduce the risk of fire. These materials may include high-temperature fire-resistant insulation, insulation tape, insulation gaskets, etc.
Lithium iron phosphate battery: Because lithium iron phosphate battery is relatively safe and has strong tolerance to high temperatures, the demand for fire protection and heat insulation is relatively low. Typically, standard insulation materials and designs will suffice
Lithium iron phosphate batteries use the following material solutions for fire protection and heat insulation safety protection:
1. Microporous polypropylene (MPP) is widely used in the fireproof and heat-insulating layer of lithium iron phosphate batteries. This material has excellent thermal and electrical insulation properties, which can reduce heat loss and improve the thermal efficiency of the battery. The main properties of MPP: Excellent isolation performance: MPP has a tiny pore structure, which effectively isolates the positive and negative electrodes in the battery module and prevents electrolyte penetration. It can be used as a battery separator to prevent direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes, avoid short circuits and current leakage, and ensure the safe operation of the battery system.
2. Ceramic silicone rubber is often used as the safety protective layer of lithium iron phosphate batteries. A layer of fiberglass is placed over the ceramicized silicone rubber to increase the battery's fire resistance. When a fire occurs, ceramic silicone rubber will turn into a hard ceramic block to prevent fire from burning through. In the battery system, the battery will generate high temperature. Ceramic silicone rubber can effectively isolate and resist the impact of high temperature from the battery, protecting the battery system from heat damage.
3. Silicon foam is a soft and flexible material often used to fill the gaps between lithium iron phosphate battery modules. It has good thermal insulation and buffering effects, which can reduce heat transfer and vibration and improve the thermal management performance of the battery. The main features of silicon foam include: - Excellent thermal insulation performance: Silicon foam has a low thermal conductivity, which effectively isolates heat conduction inside the battery module and reduces heat loss. This helps improve the energy efficiency of the battery system and extends the cycle life of the battery. High temperature resistance: Silicone foam can maintain structural and performance stability in high temperature environments. This is very important for battery systems, because batteries generate high temperatures when running, and silicone foam can effectively isolate and resist the impact of high temperatures from the battery. Good shock-absorbing and buffering performance: Silicon foam can absorb and disperse external impact and vibration energy, reducing the impact on the battery module.
The following material solutions are used for fire and heat insulation safety protection of ternary iron lithium batteries:
1. Aerogel is a high-porosity material with extremely high thermal insulation properties and good fire-proof and heat-insulating properties. In ternary lithium iron batteries, aerogel is widely used as the thermal insulation layer of battery modules. Its main features include:
- Low thermal conductivity: Aerogel has a very low thermal conductivity, which can effectively isolate heat conduction inside the battery and reduce heat loss. This improves the battery's thermal management performance and avoids overheating issues.
- High porosity: Airgel has a highly
open pore structure that provides greater surface area and better insulation. This helps prevent heat transfer and current leakage between the internal components of the battery, improving battery safety.
- Lightweight and soft: Aerogel is a lightweight material that does not add too much weight to the battery. At the same time, it is also soft and moldable and can adapt to various battery module shapes and sizes.
2. Mica board: Mica board is an insulating material with excellent resistance to high temperatures. It is often used as a thermal isolation gasket between ternary iron lithium battery modules or cells to prevent heat transfer and reduce Risk of short circuit. Mica has excellent insulating properties: Mica sheets have excellent insulating properties. High temperature resistance: The mica board can maintain good stability in high temperature environments, because new energy vehicle batteries will generate higher temperatures when running. The mica board can withstand the high temperature inside the battery module and protect the surrounding components from Affected by heat.
In general, lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium iron batteries use different material solutions in terms of fire protection and heat insulation safety protection. Lithium iron phosphate batteries often use microporous polypropylene materials, ceramic silicone rubber and silicon foam, while ternary lithium iron phosphate batteries often use aerogels and mica plates. The use of these materials is intended to improve the thermal management performance of the battery and prevent heat loss and fire spread, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the battery system.
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